The small area of the retina that is responsible for clear central vision and our ability to see detail is called the macula. In age-related macular degeneration, also called AMD or ARMD, the macula becomes damaged, resulting in central vision loss. Macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults.
The Basics of Macular Degeneration
There are two types of AMD. Dry macular degeneration is the initial phase of the disease. In dry AMD, debris begins accumulating in macular tissue, resulting in deposits called drusen. As drusen begin slowly building up in the macula, it causes gradual vision loss and distortion of central vision. About 10% of the time, the disease progresses to wet macular degeneration. In wet AMD, extensive damage to the macular tissue results in the growth of new blood vessels, which leak under the retina and cause much more severe vision loss. The symptoms of both forms of AMD include gradual vision loss and distortion. Oftentimes, eye care professionals can detect changes in the macula before symptoms occur through a retinal exam. In order to monitor the progression of the disease, eye doctors may ask you to self-monitor at home with a test called an Amsler Grid, which helps identify changes in central vision.
Are You at Risk?
Macular degeneration is most prevalent amongst Caucausian females over the age of 60, although it can also occur in a variety of other demographics. Light eye color, smoking, high blood pressure, and lots of sun exposure can also increase the risk of developing AMD. There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, though clinical trials have shown that a group of antioxidant supplements that contain vitamins important for the health of macular pigments can reduce the risk of dry AMD progressing to the more severe wet form. To help prevent the development of AMD, eye care professionals suggest eating a healthy diet with leafy greens, avoid smoking, and wear sunglasses to protect the eyes against harmful UV rays.
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